现在完成时
一、现在完成时的构成:助动词have/has+动词的过去分词
二、过去分词的构成:
过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的变化相同,在动词词尾加-ed;不规则变化的过去分词见九年级下册教科书p74《不规则动词表》。
写出下列动词的过去分词形式。
1、bring 2、catch 3、do 4、find
5、eat 6、get 7、forget 8、cut
9、pay 10、know 11、buy 12、see
13、come 14、sleep 15、spend 16、tell
三、 现在完成时的用法
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与already, yet, ever, never, just,before 等词连用。
例如:Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚饭了吗? 2、表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间壮语连用,常用的有:for+一段时间;since+过去时间点或从句。(Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度),提问用How long.
例如:It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。 They have learned English for eight years .他们已学了八年的英语了。 3、现在完成时需注意的问题:
1表示短暂性的动词不能与表示一段时间的壮语连用appear,begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,
come,die,fall,find,finish,join,kill,leave,sell,stop等。
例如:He has joined the army for five years. (错误) He has been in the army for five years.(正确)
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
2不能和明确的过去时间壮语连用,如:yesterday,last week,in 1998,two days ago等。
3have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的区别:
have/has been to
have/has gone to
试举例 :
4比较一般过去时与现在完成时
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,强调动作,不和现在发生联系,常与具体的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,;现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情况,不能与表过去的时间壮语连用。
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
He has been a League member for three years. (强调他是团员)
巩固练习:
1、-Do you know our town at all?
-No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
2、-Have you ____ been to our town before?
-No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have com
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