反意疑问句是由两部分组成的,前一部分是对事物的陈述(即陈述句),后一部分是简短的提问(即简短疑问句),中间用逗号隔开。如果前一部分用肯定句,后一部分就用否定疑问句;如果前一部分用否定句,后一部分就用肯定疑问句。两部分的人称和时态要一致。其回答是用 yes 或 no 来表示。
八、当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:
① You have never been to Beijing, have you? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.
② Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't.㎜
③ There is little milk in the bottle, is there? Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
④ He could do nothing, could he? Yes, he could. No, he couldn't.
但是,当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构。例如:It is unfair, isn't it? It’s impossible , is it ?
九、当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如:What you need is more important, isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?
十、祈使句用于反意疑问句中
这种类型较特殊,前一部分是祈使句,后一部分是肯定疑问形式。回答也较灵活。
句型1: Let's + 动词原形 + 其它,shall we? 例如: Let's go for a walk, shall we?
句型2: 其它形式的祈使句,will you(表示请求)或won’t you(表示提醒)?
①Come into the classroom, will you? ---OK. ②Please be careful, will you?
③Be quick, will you? ④Don’t you be late again, will you?
⑤Do it at once , will you? ⑥Let me have a try, will you?
⑦Let us leave now ,will you?
十一、感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句常根据其主、谓语来确定。例如:
①How time flies , doesn’t it ? ②How tall the buildings are , aren’t they?
③How hard it’s raining, isn’t it ? ④What a tall man , isn’t he ?
⑤What tall buildings, aren’t they? ⑥What an old picture, isn’t it?
十二、陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如:Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?
十三、陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如:
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗?
No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗?
十四、陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如:
This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗?
These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗?
十五、当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如:
I don't think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来,对吗?
I believe they can finish the work in time ,can they?